1. up to scratch : 合格, 处于良好状态；
2. from scratch : 从零开始, 从无到有, 白手起家；
3. without a scratch : 丝毫未受伤, 安然无恙；
及物动词
1. His name was scratched from the list.
他的名字被从名单上划掉了。
2.
2. He scratched a note and put it on her desk.
他草草写了一张字条放在她书桌上。
3. The cat scratched a hole in the ground.
猫在地上扒了一个洞。
不及物动词
1. A dog scratched at the door to be let in.
狗嚓嚓地抓门要想进来。
1. 刮伤：不断的腐蚀氧化所形成的微抛光屑,经抛光液的化学去聚合作用与冲除,而达到移除的目的. 最佳的抛光反应机构是当机械力与化学力二者处於平衡时的状态. 抛光过程中,若有过於激烈的机械力作用,将造成刮伤(Scratch).
2. 刮痕：洛氏( Rockwell)硬度,邵氏(Shore)硬度,莫氏(Mohs)硬度,刮痕(scratch)硬度和维氏(vickers)硬度等玻璃化温度(Glass transition temperature) 无定形或半结晶聚合物从粘流态或高弹态向玻璃态转变(或相反的转变)的较窄温度范围的近似中点,
3. 暂存：首先,可以选择特点(feature)显示在Gallery网站管理区域中已安装的外观主题里. 其次,可以编辑外观主题模板及风格页文件. 最后,你还可以创建自己的外观主题--在已有外观主题的基础上或者是借由暂存(scratch).
4. 划痕：b)压延(轧制)、热处理工序,出现的质量问题.如:热处理时由于没有控制好温度,所导致的气泡、韧性不足、成色不足,晶粒粗大等现象,压延油、灰尘、金属屑(chip)等杂物附着,划痕(scratch)等.
1. 给…搔痒;给…挠痒
If you scratch yourself, you rub your fingernails against your skin because it is itching.
scratch的翻译
e.g. He scratched himself under his arm...
他在胳膊下面挠了挠。
e.g. The old man lifted his cardigan to scratch his side...
老人撩起开襟毛衣挠了挠身体的一侧。
2. 划伤;划出痕迹
If a sharp object scratches someone or something, it makes small shallow cuts on their skin or surface.
e.g. The branches tore at my jacket and scratched my hands and face...
树枝刮破了我的夹克，划伤了我的手和脸。
e.g. Knives will scratch the worktop.
小刀会在工作台上留下划痕。
3. 划痕;擦痕
Scratches on someone or something are small shallow cuts.
e.g. The seven-year-old was found crying with scratches on his face and neck...
那名 7 岁男孩被发现时正在哭泣，脸部和颈部都有划伤。
e.g. I pointed to a number of scratches in the tile floor.
我指向地板砖上的一道道划痕。
4. 从零开始;从头做起;白手起家
If you do something from scratch, you do it without making use of anything that has been done before.
e.g. Building a home from scratch can be both exciting and challenging...
建立一个全新的家庭既让人兴奋又富于挑战。
e.g. Hong Kong's manufacturing industry did not start from scratch in the post-war period.
战后，香港制造业的兴起并非从零开始。
5. 苦苦琢磨;绞尽脑汁
If you say that someone is scratching their head, you mean that they are thinking hard and trying to solve a problem or puzzle.
e.g. The Institute spends a lot of time scratching its head about how to boost American productivity.
该协会花费大量时间苦苦思索如何提高美国的生产力。
6. 触及表面;隔靴搔痒;浅尝辄止
If you only scratch the surface of a subject or problem, you find out or do a small amount, but not enough to understand or solve it.
e.g. Officials say they've only scratched the surface of the drug problem...
官员们说他们只是触及了毒品问题的表面。
e.g. We had only two weeks to tour Malaysia, which was hardly enough time to scratch the surface.
我们只有两周的时间游览马来西亚，连走马观花都来不及。
7. 达到标准;合格;令人满意
If you say that someone or something is not up to scratch, you mean that they are not good enough.
e.g. My mother always made me feel I wasn't coming up to scratch.
母亲总是使我觉得自己不够优秀。
1. 给…搔痒;给…挠痒
If you scratch yourself, you rub your fingernails against your skin because it is itching.
scratch的翻译
e.g. He scratched himself under his arm...
他在胳膊下面挠了挠。
e.g. The old man lifted his cardigan to scratch his side...
老人撩起开襟毛衣挠了挠身体的一侧。
2. 划伤;划出痕迹
If a sharp object scratches someone or something, it makes small shallow cuts on their skin or surface.
e.g. The branches tore at my jacket and scratched my hands and face...
树枝刮破了我的夹克，划伤了我的手和脸。
e.g. Knives will scratch the worktop.
小刀会在工作台上留下划痕。
3. 划痕;擦痕
Scratches on someone or something are small shallow cuts.
e.g. The seven-year-old was found crying with scratches on his face and neck...
那名 7 岁男孩被发现时正在哭泣，脸部和颈部都有划伤。
e.g. I pointed to a number of scratches in the tile floor.
我指向地板砖上的一道道划痕。
4. 从零开始;从头做起;白手起家
If you do something from scratch, you do it without making use of anything that has been done before.
e.g. Building a home from scratch can be both exciting and challenging...
建立一个全新的家庭既让人兴奋又富于挑战。
e.g. Hong Kong's manufacturing industry did not start from scratch in the post-war period.
战后，香港制造业的兴起并非从零开始。
5. 苦苦琢磨;绞尽脑汁
If you say that someone is scratching their head, you mean that they are thinking hard and trying to solve a problem or puzzle.
e.g. The Institute spends a lot of time scratching its head about how to boost American productivity.
该协会花费大量时间苦苦思索如何提高美国的生产力。
6. 触及表面;隔靴搔痒;浅尝辄止
If you only scratch the surface of a subject or problem, you find out or do a small amount, but not enough to understand or solve it.
e.g. Officials say they've only scratched the surface of the drug problem...
官员们说他们只是触及了毒品问题的表面。
e.g. We had only two weeks to tour Malaysia, which was hardly enough time to scratch the surface.
我们只有两周的时间游览马来西亚，连走马观花都来不及。
7. 达到标准;合格;令人满意
If you say that someone or something is not up to scratch, you mean that they are not good enough.
e.g. My mother always made me feel I wasn't coming up to scratch.
母亲总是使我觉得自己不够优秀。